As humanity grapples with unprecedented environmental challenges, from climate change to biodiversity loss, traditional governance frameworks often fall short in effectively protecting ecosystems. The concept of granting legal personality to nature, particularly rivers, has gained traction as a transformative approach to environmental conservation.

In the face of escalating environmental crises, the traditional frameworks of environmental governance often prove inadequate for addressing the complex interdependencies within ecosystems. Climate change, pollution, deforestation, and the loss of biodiversity challenge the very foundations of human existence and the natural world.

The oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface, yet they remain one of the least governed environments on the planet. The high seas, which lie beyond national jurisdiction, account for about two-thirds of the ocean's area and are rich in biodiversity and resources.